Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is a progressive eye condition that causes the macula — the central part of your retina responsible for sharp, centrally focused vision — to wear down. The risk of developing AMD increases with age, making it crucial to understand the factors that contribute to its onset, recognise its symptoms, and adopt preventive measures to safeguard our vision.
In this guide, we delve into the causes, symptoms, and effective preventive strategies for AMD to help you maintain optimal eye health and preserve your vision for years to come.
Dry vs Wet AMD
Dry and wet AMD are the two variants affecting patients, each varying in severity.
1. Dry AMD
Dry AMD, or atrophic AMD, is the most common form of AMD and accounts for about 85% to 90% of cases. This variant occurs when the light-sensitive cells in the macula gradually break down, forming small, yellow deposits called drusen under the retina. Dry AMD typically progresses slowly and causes gradual vision loss over time.
2. Wet AMD
Although less common, Wet AMD poses a greater threat than dry AMD and can lead to rapid and severe vision loss if left untreated. In this variant, abnormal blood vessels grow beneath the retina and leak fluid and blood, damaging the macula and causing sudden changes in vision and distortions.
Moreover, the symptoms of wet AMD tend to appear suddenly and worsen quickly, highlighting the need for quick and decisive action once you’ve noticed symptoms.
Causes of AMD
There is no singular cause of age-related macular degeneration. AMD is a multifactorial condition, and the various factors that increase your risk of developing this disease include:
- Genetic predisposition
- Ageing
- Smoking
- Poor dietary habits
- Cardiovascular diseases
- Ultraviolet light exposure
- Obesity
All these can contribute to the deterioration of the macula and lead to vision impairment over time.
Symptoms of AMD
However, identifying the symptoms of age-related macular degeneration in advance means that early detection and intervention are possible, which can be crucial in slowing the progression of AMD.
Here are some symptoms of AMD that you should be looking out for:
- Worse or blurred vision
- Blank or dark spots in your central vision
- Visual distortions, such as straight lines appearing wavy
- Altered colour perception, such as colours appearing less vibrant or difficulty in perceiving differences in colours
How to prevent AMD
Although AMD is irreversible, some lifestyle changes and habits can prevent or slow the progression of this eye condition.
1. Stay active and maintain a healthy weight
As obesity and a sedentary lifestyle are associated with a higher risk of developing AMD, engaging in regular physical activity and maintaining a healthy weight are key factors in its prevention. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise weekly, such as brisk walking, swimming, or cycling, to support your eye health and overall well-being.
2. Maintain a healthy diet
Prioritising nutrition is another lifestyle change that can contribute to AMD prevention and safeguard your vision. Look for foods that are high in antioxidants, vitamins, and nutrients like lutein and zeaxanthin, and consume fish that are high in omega-3 fatty acids
3. Quit smoking
Smoking can greatly accelerate the progression of AMD and is one of its main risk factors. If you smoke, quitting is one of the most important steps you can take to protect your eye health.
4. Protect Your Eyes from UV Radiation
Extended exposure to UV light is another risk factor for AMD, underscoring the importance of wearing UV sunglasses when outdoors, even on cloudy days. Additionally, you can opt for a wide-brimmed hat or visor for added protection against UV rays.
5. Regular Eye Exams
For early detection and management, regular eye screenings are essential. Even if you have no noticeable vision problems, regular exams at your usual eye clinic can detect signs of AMD or other eye conditions in their early stages when treatment may be more effective.
By incorporating these preventive measures into your lifestyle and maintaining regular eye care, you can reduce your risk of developing age-related macular degeneration and ensure better vision even into your senior years.
And with a trusted eye specialist centre like Nova Eye Centre, you’ll have a range of eye screening options and treatments available for all your eye care needs. Whether you require a routine checkup or comprehensive assessment for age-related macular degeneration, prioritise your vision by scheduling an appointment with us today.